For S-Anxiety Absent, scores for the Lebanese sample were lower than American students but did not reach significance levels. Lebanese students reported significantly higher anxiety levels than their American peers on S-Anxiety Present, T-Anxiety Absent, and T-Anxiety Present, S-Anxiety and T-Anxiety of the American STAI. The two-factor solution for the Arabic STAI yielded a simple solution with two distinct factors: Anxiety Present and Anxiety Absent for each of S-Anxiety and T-Anxiety, lending more support to the theoretical distinction of state and trait anxiety. In conducting item selection and validation of the Arabic STAI, internal consistency coefficients for subscales, corrected item-total correlations, alpha coefficients if-item-deleted, item-factor loadings, and theoretical meaningfulness were all used as criteria for selection of the best 10 Arabic items to be included in each subscale of the STAI: S-Anxiety Absent, S-Anxiety Present, T-Anxiety Absent, T-Anxiety present. Item and factor analyses were conducted on responses of the calibration sample to obtain the final set of Arabic items, which was validated using the responses of the validation sample. The American STAI was also administered to 336 university students at the University of South Florida. The American STAI and fifty initial Arabic items were administered to 286 university students at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. In addition, cultural and linguistic influences on the experience and expression of anxiety were assessed. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.The main goal of the present study was to develop an Arabic adaptation of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Form Y, Spielberger, 1983). Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological tests for treatment planning and outcome assessment (pp. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Scale scores are calculated as the sum of respective items. Description of the scales and item loadings are listed below. The STA yields 2 total scores (SAI and TAI). The TAI consists of 20 items that are rated on a 4-point Likert scale as follows: Not at all The SAI consists of 20 items that are rated on a 4-point Likert scale as follows: Not at all This is a copyrighted instrument that is available for purchase from Mind Garden Inc. Each subscale consists of 20 items and yields a total score. The Speilberger State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STA) consists of 2 subscales, the State scale (SAI) and the Trait scale (TAI).
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